IBM Data Science Practice Test

What is the purpose of having hold out data when training models?

1. To ensure the model performs well on training data only.

2. A holdout sample is used to evaluate the model afterward.

3. To create a training model that does not generalize.

4. To compare models using the hold out data.

The correct answer is: A holdout sample is used to evaluate the model afterward.

The purpose of having holdout data when training models is to provide a separate sample that is not used during the training phase. This allows for an unbiased evaluation of the model's performance after it has been trained. By assessing the model on this holdout sample, one can determine how well the model generalizes to unseen data, which is crucial for understanding its effectiveness in real-world applications. This practice helps to mitigate overfitting, where a model learns the training data too well, including its noise and outliers, which can lead to poor performance on new data. The holdout data serves as a reference point to verify that the model not only memorizes the training data but can also make accurate predictions on data it has never encountered before. The other options do not align with the primary objective of holdout data. For instance, focusing on training data only doesn't assess generalization, and creating models that don't generalize would lead to ineffective applications. Comparisons between models can be done using holdout data, but that is a secondary function rather than its main purpose. Thus, the correct understanding of holdout data is its role in evaluating a model's performance post-training.