IBM Data Science Practice Test

If a spam engine quarantines important messages, how can these be characterized?

1. False negative

2. False positive

3. Low precision

4. Low recall

The correct answer is: False positive

When a spam engine quarantines important messages, it mistakenly identifies these legitimate messages as spam. This scenario is characterized as a false positive. A false positive occurs when a system incorrectly identifies a benign instance as a negative class—in this case, important emails misclassified as spam. This misclassification can lead to the undesirable outcome of missing vital communications. In the context of spam filtering, the true positives are the spam messages correctly identified, while the false positives are the legitimate messages that are incorrectly flagged. This highlights a critical challenge in spam detection systems, where the balance between identifying spam accurately and ensuring legitimate messages are not blocked plays a significant role in the system's effectiveness. While low precision and low recall relate to the overall performance metrics of the spam detection system, they do not directly capture the essence of what occurs when important messages are quarantined. Low precision indicates that a significant proportion of the identified spam messages are actually legitimate, while low recall suggests that the system fails to catch a large number of actual spam messages. However, the main issue at hand, where legitimate important messages are flagged as spam, is best captured by the term "false positive."